以下が、日本造園学会機関誌「ランドスケープ研究」２０２３年７月号１５５ページに掲載された選評です。
■日本造園学会奨励賞：作品設計部門（１名）
・矢野英裕氏
「歴史的水路「御殿堰」の再生－民から官へと受け継がれた親水空間の形成と歴史性の回復－」
本作品は、公共性のあるオープンスペースを設けた手案内用にはじまり、歴史的水路の構造的・景観的再生によって小さな空間から街の再生を目指すことで、街づくりに貢献する空間を発展的に創出している。これらを規模の小さい事例で実現していることは、今後の計画設計者のケーススタディとして大いに意義のある作品である。
以上より、造園学会奨励賞（設計作品部門）に相応しいと判断された。
This is a selected review published on page 155 of the July 2023 issue of “Landscape Research,” the journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture.
■ Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture Encouragement Award: Design Work Category (1 Recipient)
・Mr. Hidehiro Yano
“Regeneration of the Historic Waterway ‘Goten-zeki’ – Creating a Waterside Space Passed from Citizens to Officials and Restoring Its Historicity”
This work begins with the creation of a public open space as a guide and aims to regenerate the town starting from a small space by structurally and scenically restoring a historical waterway. The development of a space that contributes to urban development in such a small-scale example is highly significant as a case study for future planners and designers. For these reasons, it was deemed worthy of the Japan Institute of Landscape Architecture Encouragement Award (Design Work Category).
We express our gratitude to the esteemed judges and all those who supported us, from the construction of the Zeirishi Kaikan (Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall) to the landscape development of Goten-seki. We are truly thankful to our clients, construction teams, and collaborators. We highly value the recognition of this project by the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture. Thank you very much.
Below, we present the “Reasons for Application and Recommendation” along with photos. (Please note that some expressions have been modified for reproduction.)
「設計者は、今から６年ほど前の２０１６年に山形県税理士会館の移転新築工事の設計競技に参加する機会を得た。敷地を見に行くと、そこには２階建ての既存建物（印刷工場）が敷地境界ぎりぎりまで建っており、隣接する建物との間をのぞき込むと、かろうじて、一間ほどの幅のコンクリートで覆われた用水路のようなものを観察することができた。地図情報などから、これが今から四百年ほど前の江戸初期に山形城主鳥居忠正がつくったとされる、馬見ヶ崎川から取水されて山形市を網の目のように流れる疎水、山形五堰のうちの一つ、御殿堰であると知るにはそれほど時間はかからなかった。
“The designer had the opportunity to participate in a design competition for the construction of the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall in 2016, approximately six years ago. Upon visiting the site, it was evident that there was a two-story existing building (a printing factory) right up to the property’s boundaries. Peering between this building and its neighbor, one could barely observe a narrow, concrete-covered waterway, reminiscent of an irrigation channel, running for about one room’s width. Through map information and research, it didn’t take long to realize that this was the Goten-zeki, one of the five weirs of Yamagata, part of a network of waterways created approximately four hundred years ago during the early Edo period by Yamagata Castle’s lord, Torii Tadamasa. This network drew water from the Mamigasaki River and crisscrossed Yamagata City like a mesh, providing irrigation.”
御殿堰は、江戸時代から今日に至るまで、農業用水、生活用水、都市の中の水辺空間として活用されてきたが、特に戦後の高度経済成長期には、生活排水や工業排水が流入し、水質悪化が進み、元々玉石積みでつくられていた護岸は、コンクリートで塗り固められたり、暗渠化されたりしていった。しかし近年は公共下水道の普及や地域住民の清掃活動などにより、かつてのきれいな流れを取り戻しつつある。
Goten-seki has been utilized as an irrigation source for agriculture, domestic water supply, and a waterside space within the city from the Edo period to the present day. However, particularly during the post-war period of rapid economic growth, it faced challenges with the inflow of domestic and industrial wastewater, leading to water quality deterioration. The originally stone-built embankments were gradually covered in concrete, and in some instances, portions of the waterway were placed underground. In recent years, due to the widespread implementation of public sewage systems and the efforts of local residents in cleaning activities, the waterway is gradually recovering its original, cleaner flow.
そのような清流を見たときに、設計者は、山形県税理士会館に大きな庇のついた半屋外空間を設け、それに面した親水広場をつくることを構想した。そのような発想からなる提案は、いくつかの設計競技応募案から最優秀として選出され実施に移されることとなった。親水広場は建物１階と同レベルとして内外を繋いだ半屋外空間とし、増水時の水位に配慮したうえで、水にできるだけ近づけるように、道路レベルから数段分下りる構成とした。さらに、この税理士会館の都市における位置は、山形市内の桜の名所である霞城公園から、馬見ヶ崎河畔桜並木へと至る、「桜を巡る散歩道」の中継地の一つとなりうるため、３本の桜（ジンダイアケボノ）の木を広場に植えることにした。
When the designer saw the clean stream, they envisioned creating a semi-outdoor space with a large canopy and an adjacent waterside plaza for the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall. Such a proposal, based on this concept, was selected as the best among several competition entries and was put into action. The waterside plaza is designed to be at the same level as the building’s first floor, connecting the interior and exterior as a semi-outdoor space. It was also constructed to be a few steps lower than road level, taking into consideration the water level during flooding, while ensuring proximity to the water. Furthermore, considering the position of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall in the urban context, it could potentially serve as an intermediate point along the “Sakura Walking Path,” connecting Kajo Park, a famous cherry blossom spot in Yamagata City, to the Mamigasaki Riverbank Cherry Tree Avenue. To enhance this aspect, three Jindai Akabono cherry trees were planted in the plaza.
２０１７年１２月に山形県税理会館は竣工し、今まで建物のすき間に隠されていた疎水は、道行く人々にもその存在が気づかれるようになった。しかし、その水路は山形市や水利組合が管理しているため、その護岸の構造自体に手を入れることはできず、コンクリートで覆われたままの状態で、水はきれいではあるものの無粋なありふれた用水路のようにしか見えなかった。また「御殿堰」であることを示すものが何もないため、ふと訪れた観光客や市民が水路の存在自体には気づいたとしても、それが歴史的な疎水であるという事実を知るきっかけを得ることはできなかった。
In December 2017, the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall was completed, and the waterway, which had been hidden in the gaps between buildings, became noticeable to passersby. However, since the waterway is managed by the city of Yamagata and water associations, it was not possible to alter the structure of the embankments. As a result, the waterway remained covered in concrete and, although clean, appeared mundane, much like a typical water channel. Moreover, there were no indications that it was the “Goten-seki.” Consequently, even if tourists or local residents stumbled upon the waterway and recognized its existence, they had no means of learning about its historical significance as the Goten-zeki.
税理士会館の竣工から１年ほど経過したある日、山形市まちづくり政策部から、設計者に「公共事業として、山形県税理士会館前の御殿堰を景観整備することになったので、税理士会館、親水広場の設計者として、助言してほしい」という連絡があった。以前より山形五堰を生かしたまちづくりを標榜していた山形市ではあったが、ここ数年その新しい実践から遠ざかっていたこともあり、「せっかく民間で御殿堰に面する親水広場をつくってくれたのだから、そこに近接した水路周辺を含めて、行政の方で都市景観整備をおこなってはどうか」ということで、企画が進んだらしい。公共に属する用水路に手を入れることなど不可能と思い、働きかけすら行っていなかった設計者にとっては、予期せぬ朗報であった。
About a year after the completion of the Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall, the City Planning Policy Division of Yamagata City contacted the designer, stating, “As part of a public project, we have decided to improve the landscape of the Goten-seki in front of the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall. We would like your advice as the designer of the tax accountant hall and waterside plaza.” While Yamagata City had previously embraced urban development centered around the Yamagata Go-seki, they had veered away from this new practice in recent years. Consequently, it seemed that the idea of the city taking responsibility for urban landscape development, including the areas around the waterway adjacent to the privately constructed waterside plaza at Goten-seki, had gained traction. For the designer, who had believed it was impossible to make any changes to the publicly owned waterway, it was unexpected good news.
その後設計者は、道路の対面側も含めた、税理士会館前の御殿堰の景観整備に、総合監修者、デザイナーとして参加することとなり、事業主である山形市や実施設計協力者である大洋測量設計と打合せを重ね、いかにしたら、歴史性に配慮しながらも、道行く人々が興味をいだいて水辺まで降りていけるような親しみやすさを有し、御殿堰についての情報を発信する機能、生態系を育む環境をも併せ持つ親水空間をつくれるかということについて、熟慮を重ねながら、計画を進めた。また、理想を追い求めながらも、既存建築物、工作物の多く存在する都市におけるさまざまな制約にも配慮する必要があった。
Subsequently, the designer took on the role of the overall supervisor and designer for the landscape development of Goten-seki in front of the tax accountant hall, including the side facing the road. They engaged in multiple meetings with the city of Yamagata, the implementing design collaborator Daiyo Sokuryo Sekkei, and others to consider how to create a waterside space that balances historical preservation while ensuring that passersby could approach the water’s edge with ease. Additionally, the challenge was to incorporate features that could disseminate information about Goten-seki, provide a sense of approachability, and foster an environment conducive to the ecosystem. The project required careful consideration while also taking into account various constraints in the urban environment, including the presence of existing buildings and structures.
コンクリートで固められた護岸から、そのなかにある江戸時代の玉石を取り出して復元することは、水路に隣接する地所への配慮から断念し、水路幅は若干狭まるものの、江戸時代の玉石に近い、蔵王山系の安山岩の産地から石を取り寄せて、大きさに配慮しながら選別し、上から貼り付ける形とした。
Recovering the Edo period cobblestones from within the concrete embankment, while a desire, was abandoned due to considerations for the adjacent property. Instead, the width of the waterway was slightly reduced. To achieve a look reminiscent of the Edo period cobblestones, stones were sourced from the Zao mountain range’s andesite quarry. Careful selection was made with regard to size, and they were affixed to the surface.
親水広場は建物のカーテンウォールと同心円の円弧で囲い取った形とし、官民境界から若干水路側へとはみ出すようにしている。これは、御殿堰を管理する山形市と建物の所有者である山形県税理士会が、「親水広場や水辺空間を今回、山形市の費用で整備し、美しい景観、快適な環境を提供する」代わりに、「道行く人々が水辺近くまで自由に降りていけるように、山形県税理士会側は、本来私有地である親水広場を、市民や観光客に開放する」という内容を含めた、包括的な協定を両者の間で結んだことではじめて可能になったことである。
The waterside plaza is enclosed in the shape of a concentric circular arc, aligning with the building’s curtain wall, and it slightly extends beyond the public-private boundary toward the waterway side. This was made possible through a comprehensive agreement between the city of Yamagata, responsible for the management of Goten-seki, and the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Association, the building’s owner. In this agreement, the city agreed to fund the development of the waterside plaza and waterside space to provide a beautiful landscape and a comfortable environment. In return, the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Association agreed to open the waterside plaza, originally private property, to the public and tourists, ensuring that passersby could freely access the water’s edge. This agreement made it possible for the first time.
税理士会館前の水路には、堰堤（水を堰き止め、水の流れにある程度の深さを与えることのできる、花崗岩製の堰）を２箇所もうけ、用水路としての機能維持のために行われる水門の調節で、水流が一時的に止まっても、水が枯れてしまうことなく、水辺の表情が失われないようにし、また、堰堤を越えていく際の水の表情（カスケード）を演出する意図も込めた。親水広場により切り取られて変化する水路の平面・断面形状および堰堤の高さについては、意匠面からだけでなく、水理計算等の技術的検証も行いながら、慎重に検討した。
In the waterway in front of the tax accountant hall, two weirs (granite-made structures that dam the water and give it a certain depth for functionality as a waterway) were installed. These weirs serve a dual purpose. Firstly, they help maintain the functionality of the waterway by adjusting the water gate operation to ensure that even when the water flow is temporarily stopped, the waterway does not dry up, and the waterside’s appearance remains intact. Secondly, they are intended to create cascading water effects when crossing the weirs, adding to the visual appeal of the water. The design of the waterway’s plan, cross-section shape, and the height of the weirs, which can be modified by the waterside plaza, were carefully considered not only from an aesthetic perspective but also after technical validation, including hydraulic calculations and assessments.
御殿堰を流れに正対してみることができるような見学デッキ（お立ち台）を、御殿堰と交差する道路の両側に設け、摩耗しても消えないように二色の花崗岩を用いて「御殿堰」の文字を象嵌した。そして、その税理士会館側には、山形五堰、御殿堰の歴史を紹介する案内板を設けた。
To allow visitors to have a direct view of the Goten-seki in the flow, observation decks or platforms were constructed on both sides of the road intersecting with the Goten-seki. These platforms were designed with two colors of granite, which will not wear out, and embedded with the characters “御殿堰” (Goten-zeki). On the side facing the tax accountant hall, information boards were installed to introduce the history of the Yamagata Go-seki and the Goten-zeki.
このようにして、山形県税理士会館の竣工から３年余りの後、２０２１年４月に山形県税理士会館前の御殿堰景観整備事業は完了した。それから約１年半が経過した現在、山形県税理士会館前の御殿堰には、きれいな水にしか生えないといわれている梅花藻が繁殖し、小魚や昆虫などの水生生物が棲息するようになった。玉石の上部に意図して詰めた土や石積みのすき間には次第に苔が生えはじめ、かつてそこにあった御殿堰の風景を取り戻しつつある。
In this way, more than three years after the completion of the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall, the Goten-zeki landscape improvement project in front of the hall was finished in April 2021. Approximately a year and a half later, the Goten-zeki in front of the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall has seen the proliferation of Baikamo algae, which are said to grow only in clean water. Additionally, aquatic organisms such as small fish and insects now inhabit the area. Moss has begun to grow in the soil intentionally placed on top of the cobblestones and in the gaps between the stones, slowly restoring the landscape that was once present at the Goten-zeki.
本プロジェクトは、２０１６年の山形県税理士会館の設計競技時の応募者の親水広場の提案から始まり、建物竣工後にそれに目をとめた行政が後追いでタイアップすることで、高度経済成長の中で失われていた都市の歴史性を回復させ、かつ市民や観光客が楽しむことができる魅力的なポケットパークとしての親水空間を形成することに成功したという点で、めずらしい事例ではないかと思われる。
This project began with the proposal for the waterside plaza submitted by participants in the design competition for the Yamagata Prefectural Certified Public Tax Accountant Hall in 2016. It was only after the construction of the building that the government recognized its potential and partnered with it. In this way, the project succeeded in restoring the historical significance of the city lost during the period of high economic growth and creating an attractive waterside space, a pocket park, that both citizens and tourists can enjoy. It’s a unique and remarkable case in this regard.
最初から官民連携の枠組みの中で整備された公園や公共空間は全国に多く存在するかもしれない。しかし、民間の事業者が仕掛けた自発的な都市への試みが、やがて公共事業へと波及して、足掛け６年で、官民が手を携えた都市景観整備事業へと成長し、その結果として、歴史的な水路を再生しつつ、都市に新たな憩いと安らぎの場を創出できたことは、少し大げさに表現すれば、いくつかの偶然と関係者の多くの努力が重なってはじめてなしえた奇跡ともいえる。そのプロセスに与えた設計の役割は少なからずあり、また、周辺既存環境や歴史との対話を繰り返しながら行われた景観整備では、設計が力を発揮したと思われる。」（矢野英裕）
There may be numerous public parks and spaces across the country that were initially developed within the framework of public-private partnerships. However, the initiative of a private entity that eventually expanded to become a public project, resulting in a collaborative urban landscape development project involving both public and private sectors within six years, and in turn, the rejuvenation of a historic waterway while creating a new place of relaxation and tranquility in the city, could be considered, to put it somewhat dramatically, a miracle that could only occur when several coincidences and the dedicated efforts of many stakeholders came together. The role of design played a significant part in this process, and in the landscape development carried out through repeated dialogues with the surrounding existing environment and history, it seems that design played a pivotal role. (Hidehiro Yano)
HP内リンク「御殿堰整備計画」（プロジェクトのページ）
以下、今までに掲載した、関連するブログです。より詳しくプロジェクトについてお知りになりたい方はご覧ください。タイトルをクリックすると本文が表示されます。
Here are the related blog posts we have published so far. If you would like to learn more about the project, please take a look. Click on the titles to view the full articles.
GOOD DESIGN2021受賞_都市景観デザイン［歴史的水路「御殿堰」の再生］
歴史的水路「御殿堰」の再生 GOOD DESIGN 2021 受賞記念展示
六日町の町屋がGOOD DESIGN ２０１９を受賞しました
（このブログの写真はすべて、小川重雄さんの撮影です。）
(All the photos are taken by Mr. Shigeo Ogawa.)
